Monday, August 12, 2024

What we're writing - Hallie on "pushmepullyou" words

HALLIE EPHRON: I’m still going through all the stuff I’ve written since … I bit the bullet and succumbed to the inevitable. And resurrecting a draft of one of my earliest published essays, “Remembering Dorothy Parker.” It ran in a 1998 “Travelers’ Tales” anthology, A Mother’s World.

I have the copy of the book that I gave to my husband. See what I wrote on the fly leaf way back then… 

It was, after all, my first writing published in an actual book.

In the piece, I talk about my complicated mother and the first trip we took to Manhattan.

Here’s a paragraph
The next day, we take a walk, across to Fifth Avenue. I tag along feeling unbearably unsophisticated and uncomfortable in my itchy coat as my mother strides up Fifth Avenue. Her clothes that seem so stiff and off-putting in Los Angeles are exactly right here.

Disencumbered of a car, she is nonplussed by the crowds, oblivious to the car horns and bus exhaust. I cling to her as we race across intersections against red lights, terrified that we’ll be arrested for jaywalking.

Rereading this, the editor in me immediately kicks in and snags on a word… nonplussed.

It’s one of those pushmepullyou (remember the two-headed llama-like animal from Dr. Dolittle?) words that I’m never sure how to use because it feels as if it has two opposite-ish meanings. Like inflammable. Or biweekly. Or wicked.

I used nonplussed, thinking it meant that she seemed calm, not at all concerned about the crowded streets. But it seems that nonplussed can mean the opposite: surprised, confused, unsure how to act. Which my mother was not. Ever.

Writing is full of cool moments like this when you pull your head out of the weeds and just admire the glory of word-dom.

Are there multi-meaning words that trip you up, too?

92 comments:

  1. I always seem to rely on context for these kinds of words . . . "sanction" is one of those multi-meaning words [contranyms?] that generally catches me . . . .

    ReplyDelete
  2. First off, I love the scene, Hallie. The contrast of how your mother's clothes seemed in different settings is such a nice touch.

    Words, one of my favorite topics. Joan's right, they're called contronyms. Cleave. Buckle. Garnish, which means to take away as well as to add to. Oversight.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Good ones, Edith!
      The snippet of Hallie's essay is very visual and tells a lot about young Hallie and her mother.

      Delete
    2. I learned early on I'm better at setting and description than dialogue! Edith, thanks for mre contronyms.

      Delete
  3. Hallie, I can't think of a particular word at this moment, but I am a reader who usually reads all the words. That may seem contradictory, but I read slowly, and if the language is really delicious, like in Debs's books, I will reread passages because they are so beautiful. I might also reread passages when the use of a word doesn't seem to fit what I thought it meant. Occasionally, a dive into a dictionary will reveal that there are two opposite meanings. The English language is truly a wonder!
    I think that the first time I saw the word "nonplussed " was in a Nancy Drew book. I probably was 8. I don't think that have ever used it in conversation. Have you?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Good question. The word has never, to my knowledge (ahem), crossed my lips. But it's pretty gorgeous in print.

      Delete
    2. Thanks, dear Judy! I confess to using a dictionary a lot!

      Delete
  4. Yippee, contrary word discussion.
    Overlook, puzzle, rock are a few contronyms I first thought of this Monday morning!

    ReplyDelete
  5. We were just talking two days ago about the world hoi polloi. I used to think it meant fancy, but when I looked it up found it means 'the masses'. I think it's confusing to lots of folks though

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. What an odd coincidence -- I, too, was in a recent conversation about that word. And my experience with it is the same as yours. Thus I just don't use it if I can avoid it.

      Delete
    2. OOOOH, that's a good one. Too bad it doesn't mean "fancy" ... but maybe you wanted it to be like today's slang BOUGIE (People pretending to (or think they are) high class and but they're really not (or don't realize they aren't.)

      Delete
    3. To me it means masses. I never would have thought of 'fancy'.

      Delete
    4. Aw, heck! Just realized I recently used "hoi polloi" incorrectly. Especially for high class, "Old Money."
      Bougie to me implies something ostentatious, Instagram-worthy and of "New Money."
      And before anyone gets the wrong idea, I grew up "No Money." LOL

      Delete
    5. Hoi polloi mis-connects with “hoity toity” in my brain. So I can see the “fancy” connection you made, Lucy. Elisabeth

      Delete
  6. Dorothy Parker at her best: "I hate writing. I love having written." And, "You can lead a horticulture but you can't make her think."

    Finally thought of a word: crane (bird, machine, crane your neck).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Dorothy Parker is endlessly quotable (I'd rather have a bottle in front of me than a pre-frontal labotomy)

      Delete
  7. Oh, my, I can so imagine that scene, Hallie. Your confident mother, striding along, while a bewildered you stop at the red light, then have to catch up. So well described.

    The word lead. It can mean to have others follow, or a metal. What it cannot mean is to have had others follow, it is not its own past tense. That is led.

    Penultimate seems like it might mean the same as pinnacle, but I was surprised to find out it means second to the last. Then my mind was blown to discover third from last is antepenultimate. Who knew?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Waving a hand wearing my linguist's hat! We learned all about stress on syllables, which (in English multi-syllabic words) sometimes falls on the penultimate syllable and sometimes on the antepenultimate. ;^)

      Delete
    2. LOVE that word: antipenultimate. We use it all the time at bridge when we're playing the second to last hand of the night.

      Delete
    3. But that would be the penultimate hand, wouldn't it?

      Delete
    4. Oops: I meant PENULTIMATE is the word we use all the time. Caught me.

      Delete
    5. Edith, finally, an actual, practical use for those words!

      Delete
  8. Oh Margaret--gotta love Dorothy Parker! I can't think of any contronyms right now--but I copy edit manuscripts for a friend for whom English is not her first language. She loves words and I'll often have to puzzle out which meaning of a word she intends. If the context isn't clear for me, I know her readers will be puzzled as well. Then I flag it and suggest clearer alternatives. As always, Hallie, your writing is so vivid. I remember scratchy clothes!

    ReplyDelete
  9. I’m a very novice writer, only written a short children’s book, about 2 Labradors- not too original but a start of accomplishment in writing & even published with a few $$$$ too,!!! All of you accomplished , fun Jungle Red Writers, I marvel reading your real life chats , conundrums????? That’s a word for us.I often use wrong words for what a I think is the correct meaning in correct description. I am often corrected, which is good. I hope to attend a Brookline writers night & learn from the Sunday virtual meetings. Cheers, happy Monday.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Oh, Jani! All the best with your writing. Sounds as if you're off to a great start. Children's lit is deceptively simple... and a bear to write.

      Delete
  10. Hallie, I instantly went with your first use of nonplussed. I wonder if how we use words or define words is based on our previous experiences?
    We are currently ‘reading’ Colin Dexter’s Inspecter Morse in the car - audiobook. We often mention to each other “good use of words” where it is either the coupling of words together, or a word that we had no idea about, but fits the situation perfectly. Yes, words and vocabulary are fun, and yet, I cannot do a crossword puzzle.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Crosswords! I thought I couldn't do them, either. And anyway my husband would always grab them off. Now I find I *can* do the NYTimes puzzle m-w but they get too hard later in the week. And I like doing all of the week's Boston Globe puzzles. Go figure.

      Delete
  11. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2024/08/03/lederer-on-language-whats-in-the-world-is-up-with-the-uppity-word-up/

    Hi Hallie, I think you and other here might enjoy this article by Dr. Richard Lederer a noted linguist.

    ReplyDelete
  12. Here is a sample of how words can have the same and opposite meanings. I hope others find it as interesting I as did.

    "DEAR RICHARD: Shouldn’t the word invaluable mean “not valuable”? Instead invaluable means “highly valuable.” Are there other words like this? -Karen Morris, Carlsbad

    Language is created by people, not by robots and is, therefore, not always logical. Hence, if something valuable possesses value, shouldn’t something invaluable lack value? But it doesn’t. That’s because prefixes like -in and suffixes can possess opposite meaning or no meanings.

    If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameful and shameless behavior the same and pricey objects less expensive than priceless ones? If appropriate and inappropriate remarks and passable and impassable mountain trails are opposites, why are flammable and inflammable materials, heritable and inheritable property, and passive and impassive people the same? Why are pertinent and impertinent, canny and uncanny, and famous and infamous neither opposites nor the same?"

    ReplyDelete
  13. Hank Phillippi RyanAugust 12, 2024 at 9:21 AM

    Subsequent. Drives me crazy. Does it mean before or after? I could make a good argument for either one :-)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It would be: this happened before the sequence of things. Subsequent to making the casserole, she bought the macaroni.

      Delete
    2. I'm just saying, this is how I think about it. :-) It makes total sense to me. Either way.

      Delete
    3. Does anyone in my age group (aging boomer) remember how the word “subsequent” came up a lot in the Watergate hearings? I specifically remember hearing John Dean use the word. I read an article back then, possibly in the New York Times, about people not knowing how to use it. I still have to stop and check myself when I’m tempted to say “subsequent” or “subsequently”. I usually end up not using it!

      DebRo

      Delete
  14. From Celia: Thank you Hallie, just what I need to wake my Monday morning brain, nonplussed- and I read it with the second meaning which is where I say timidly, there seem to be lots of those C words between English and our American version of same. Despite fifty fives years living here I’m still confused. But I wanted to read more of that piece as I could see you both so clearly. I thought where were you going? Why scratchy clothes which brought up a picture of our school afternoon dresses known as ‘camel cloth’. Yes they were agony to wear but every day after sports we changed for tea. Please note this ‘change’ did not involve showers.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Hank Phillippi RyanAugust 12, 2024 at 9:24 AM

    Also, substantial. Sub -some thing is supposed to be not good, right? or beneath? So substantial should mean not stantial , if stantial is good. So substantial should really be super stantial , shouldn’t it?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. You have to go back and look at the root. In this case, sub- is not currently acting as a prefix. From Etymology Online: mid-14c., substancial, "ample, sizeable," from Old French substantiel (13c.) and directly from Latin substantialis "having substance or reality, material," in Late Latin "pertaining to the substance or essence," from substantia "being, essence, material" (see substance). This is from substans, present participle of substare "stand firm, stand or be under, be present," from sub "up to, under" (see sub-) + stare "to stand" (from PIE root *sta- "to stand, make or be firm").

      Delete
    2. Sure. :-) I'm just saying---this has always been funny to me. When I lived in Germany, I also used to send my German pals into laughing fits by conjugating irregular verbs as if they were regular verbs. It's all fun with language, you know?

      Delete
  16. The word that comes to mind is shift. You work a shift, you shift gears and you wear a shift. Seems rather shifty to me. -- Victoria

    ReplyDelete
  17. Hmm. Very interesting. I have only once heard the word nonplussed spoken. At the time I really didn't know what it meant so I looked it up and from the definition I don't think it was really the word my friend should have used, based on the context of what he said.

    Ever since then when I come across the word in a book it makes me stop and think what was actually being said. When I substituted 'speechless' it made more sense in my head. That doesn't work in your essay, though, so I still don't know what to think.

    ReplyDelete
  18. Regardless and irregardless have always thrown me. With no regard makes sense for regardless. But irregardless? I hear it a lot but it isn't really a word. A meaningless double negative that should mean with regard but doesn't.

    ReplyDelete
  19. Dearth confused me for a long time. I thought it meant 'a lot'. Wrong said the smug English teacher.
    Today I offer 'swish' that can be a noun, a verb or an adjective. i.e the sound of corduroy's movement (n), a basketball going through a hoop (v), or archaic slang to describe a person (adj). Somehow I have read that essay of yours Hallie. Is it online as a pdf.?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I think I put longer bits of it in an earlier Jungle Red post...

      Delete
    2. ... and I think I swapped out "nonplussed" for another less complicated word.

      Delete
    3. You did, and reprinted the essay on Feb 8 2021 here on JRW's

      Delete
  20. When I was a child, we said a prayer in church with the line, "Thou art the same Lord whose property is always to have mercy." I thought the property in question was the lord's table, which had been mentioned earlier in the prayer and puzzled about how a table could have mercy.

    ReplyDelete
  21. Hallie, your writing in this little scene just jumps off the page!

    ReplyDelete
  22. When I was a child, the word “priceless” constantly confounded me! I wondered if it meant the same as “worthless”?
    I love words. I love reading about words. And yes, I have read the dictionary for pleasure!

    DebRo

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Anyone else remember the book about grammar: Eats Shoots and Leaves (a panda graced the cover)

      Delete
    2. My son's first boss gave him that book. We all laughed at the title but move (or remove) the comma and you're asking for trouble!

      Delete
    3. I still have that book. However, I've always taken issue with some of her examples because she is British, and we use English slightly differently here.

      Delete
  23. "Sanguine" and "bemused" are two words that always trip me up because they don't mean what I think they mean. I'm sure I've used them incorrectly a few times.

    ReplyDelete
  24. Hallie, I love how economically you convey your mother's comfort in her native habitat - never an Angeleno, always a New Yorker.

    As for me, the word is 'bemused.' In my head, it always means a combination of pleasantly puzzled and amused, but the literal definition is "to make confused : puzzle, bewilder." There needs to be a proper word that fits the definition in my head, but I haven't found it yet!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Feels like it's the difference between active and passive voice.

      Delete
  25. Like others, I generally rely on the context to tell me which meaning is supposed to be used. Am I garnishing a salad or is the government garnishing my wages?

    And I was this many years old when I learned nonplussed can mean calm or unconcerned. To me, it has always meant a sense of confusion.

    ReplyDelete
  26. I don't confuse these word myself (I can't remember if I ever did), but words with the preface -in stuck on them must be quite confusing to those learning English or who don't speak it. Inattentive. Now doesn't that just sound like it should be in attention, but it is instead the opposite. Indifferent, incongruous, inept.

    ReplyDelete
  27. Like your suggestion, anything "bi." Is it twice? Every other?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. As it often is with these things, it's BOTH.

      Delete
    2. Working to process payroll on a bi-weekly basis for one group of folks and a bi-monthly schedule for another group used to make me crazy. -- Victoria

      Delete
    3. Crazy being because of those pesky months with FIVE weeks. Talk about messing with your mind and then trying to explain it to the employees. -- Victoria

      Delete
  28. "Fulsome" has always been problematic for me. The meaning has switched back and forth between abundant and disgusting since 1200.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Yes, I always hear that used incorrectly! It seems like it should be a good thing, but it isn't.

      Delete
    2. Fulsome is —phony, unnecessary, falsely flattering obsequious.

      Delete
    3. Definitions of fulsome. adjective. unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech. “gave him a fulsome introduction” synonyms: buttery, oily, oleaginous, smarmy, soapy, unctuous insincere.

      Delete
  29. Shalom Reds and Readers. When I was young, I believe there was a restaurant in Manhattan, called The Ravelled Sleave. I always thought the word was "unravelled" as in My sweater sleave is unravelling." I liked the name but I don't think I ever ate at the restaurant.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. That's a great exampe of a pushmepullyou word.

      Delete
    2. Here's the dictionary definition: Ravel
      /ˈrav(ə)l/
      verb
      1.untangle or unravel something:

      Delete
  30. ANd the use of forthcoming instead of forthright. Grr.

    ReplyDelete
  31. HALLIE: the word "nonplussed" reminded me of that Wayne's World skit with Mike Myers and Dana Carvey many years ago. The teenage characters's car drew up next to a fancy British car with a chauffeur driving the car at a traffic red light. The boys asked the elderly chauffeur "Where is the Grey Poupon?" and it was funny watching the facial expression "nonplussed" on the chauffeur's face.

    Good point, Hank, about forthcoming and forthright. I thought they meant the same thing?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Well, I am pretty sure that forthcoming means: coming soon. And forthright means telling it like it is. Forthcoming does not mean "revealingly telling the truth." But it is in constant use that way.

      Delete
  32. Just thought of a word. Noisome made me think it meant "noisy" when it actually means something like "smell".

    ReplyDelete
  33. I love this post, Hallie, and all the replies. I have nothing to add but I sure enjoyed the convo!

    ReplyDelete